Bot traffic refers to the use of automated software or bots to generate fake traffic on digital ads. This can lead to inflated click-through rates (CTRs) and impressions, resulting in wasted ad spend. Bots can be programmed to mimic human behavior, making it difficult to detect them without sophisticated Ad Fraud detection tools.

Domain spoofing involves the use of fake or misleading URLs to trick advertisers into placing ads on low-quality or irrelevant websites. This can lead to a decline in ad performance and damage to brand reputation. Domain spoofing can also make it difficult for businesses to accurately track the performance of their ads.

Click injections can cause significant challenges for businesses, as they result in artificially inflated click volumes that do not represent genuine user interest. This can lead to misleading data and inaccurate measurements, making it difficult for companies to make informed decisions. Additionally, click injections can result in wasted advertising spend and decrease the effectiveness of marketing campaigns.

Ad stacking involves stacking multiple ads on top of each other, resulting in only the top ad being seen and the other ads being hidden. This can lead to artificially inflated impression counts and wasted ad spend. Ad stacking can also damage brand reputation by associating a business with low-quality ads.

Pixel stuffing is a fraudulent practice in which an ad is loaded with many small, invisible pixels that can't be seen by the human eye. These pixels are used to artificially inflate the number of ad impressions, which can result in advertisers paying for ads that are never actually viewed by real users.

Non-viewable impressions refer to ad impressions that are not actually seen by users. This can occur when an ad is placed below the fold on a webpage or when it is hidden behind other elements on the page. Non-viewable impressions can also result from fraudulent practices such as pixel stuffing and ad stacking, as well as from technical issues such as slow page load times or ad blockers.